Within the field of test development, the tasks and/or questions that are used to construct tests and examinations are referred to as ‘items’, and the range techniques involved in preparing those items are collectively referred to as ‘item writing’.
Is item writing an art or a science? The best item development techniques combine elements of both these intellectual activities. On the one hand, there is a fair amount of experimental method, which we might recognize as scientific, incorporated within the whole set of procedures for developing a good item, or the sets of such things we call ‘tests’. However, writing a good item is also a highly creative act. By the end of the process something new, powerful, and useful has emerged – a test instrument which has used words, symbols or other materials from a curriculum or a syllabus in a new way, often to serve a variety of educational purposes. In doing so, the item developer needs imagination and ingenuity as well as knowledge: form, structure and balance become important, as they are to a sculptor or a musician.
Source: Alderson, J. C., Clapham, C. & Wall, D. 1995 Language Test Construction and Evaluation. CUP.
WEBLIOGRAPHY:
Language Testing and Assessment: http://eclass.uoa.gr/modules/document/file.php/ENL286/Testing%20books/Language,testing%20%26%20assessment_Davidson.pdf
Guideline for Best Test Development Practices https://www.ets.org/s/about/pdf/best_practices_ensure_validity_fairness_english_language_assessments.pdf
Language Test Construction and Evaluation: https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=cB0b1FnLbfgC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
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